CBSE Class 12th Geography Syllabus 2023-24: Download PDF

CBSE released the CBSE class 12th Geography syllabus 2023-24 which covers the complete theory and practical course structure for the Geography subject.

The CBSE class 12th Geography syllabus 2023-24 released by CBSE constitutes the detailed course structure for theory as well as practical exam of Geography. The theory syllabus includes Part A: Fundamentals of Human Geography and Part B: India- People and Economy. Further, the third part (Part C) of the syllabus involves the practical component.

At the Senior Secondary level of CBSE, Geography is introduced as an elective subject. Therefore, students planning to major in Geography must have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the field to pursue their academic interests. Find below the detailed syllabus to prepare for the CBSE class 12th exam for the Geography subject.

Table of Contents

CBSE Class 12th Geography Syllabus 2023-24 Course Content
CBSE Class 12th Geography Syllabus 2023-24 Marking Distribution
CBSE Class 12th Geography Syllabus 2023-24 Prescribed Books

CBSE Class 12th Geography Syllabus 2023-24 Course Content

Geographical knowledge is helpful in daily life since it is an effective teaching tool for students. Its usefulness comes from the knowledge, thought processes, abilities, and values that Geography promotes, which aids students in better exploring, understanding, and evaluating the environmental and social aspects of the world. Candidates can refer to the course content of the CBSE class 12th Geography syllabus 2023-24.

Part A: Fundamentals of Human Geography

Unit 1:	Human Geography: Nature and Scope	07 Periods
Unit 2:	People The World Population- distribution, density and growth Population change - Components of population change, Demographic Transition Human development - concept; selected indicators, international comparisons	20 Periods
Unit 3:	Human Activities Primary activities - concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agricultural and allied activities - some examples from selected countries Secondary activities- concept; manufacturing: types - household, small scale, large scale; agro based and mineral based industries; Tertiary activities - concept; trade, transport and tourism; services; people engaged in tertiary activities Quaternary activities- concept; people engaged in quaternary activities - case study from selected countries	32 Periods
Unit 4:	Transport, Communication and Trade Land transport - roads, railways; trans- continental railways Water transport- inland waterways; major ocean routes Air transport- Intercontinental air routes Oil and gas pipelines Satellite communication and cyber space- importance and usage for geographical information; use of GPS International trade- bases and changing patterns; ports as gateways of international trade; role of WTO in international trade	26 Periods
Map Work on identification of features based on 1-5 units on the outline Physical/Political map of World.		05 Periods

Part B: India: People and Economy

Unit 6:	People Population: distribution, density and growth; composition of population - linguistic, religious; sex, rural-urban and occupational-regional variations in growth of population	15 Periods
Unit 7:	Human Settlements Rural settlements - types and distribution Urban settlements - types, distribution and functional classification	10 Periods
Unit 8:	Resources and Development Land resources- general land use; agricultural land use; geographical conditions and distribution of major crops (Wheat, Rice, Tea, Coffee, Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane and Rubber); agricultural development and problems Water resources-availability and utilization- irrigation, domestic, industrial and other uses; scarcity of water and conservation methods-rain water harvesting and watershed management Mineral and energy resources- distribution of metallic (Iron ore, Copper, Bauxite, Manganese); non-metallic (Mica, Salt) minerals; conventional (Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas and Hydroelectricity) and non-conventional energy sources (solar, wind, biogas) and conservation Planning in India- target group area planning (case study); idea of sustainable development (case study)	30 Periods
Unit 9:	Transport, Communication and International Trade Transport and communication-roads, railways, waterways and airways: oil and gas pipelines; Geographical information and communication networks International trade- changing pattern of India's foreign trade; sea ports and their hinterland and airports	15 Periods
Unit 10:	Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems Environmental pollution: urban-waste disposal Urbanisation, rural-urban migration; problems of slums Land degradation	15 Periods
Map work on locating and labeling of features based on above units on outline map of India.		05 Periods

Part C: Practical Work in Geography Part II

Unit 1:

Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping

Type and Sources of data: Primary, Secondary and other sources
Tabulating and processing of data; calculation of averages, measures of central tendency
Representation of data- construction of diagrams: bars, circles and flowchart; thematic maps; construction of dot; choropleth and isopleths maps

25 Periods

Unit 2:

Spatial Information Technology

Introduction to GIS; hardware requirements and software modules; data formats; raster and vector data, data input, editing and topology building; data analysis; overlay and buffer.

15 Periods

CBSE Class 12th Geography Syllabus 2023-24 Marking Distribution

Students can go through the CBSE class 12th Geography syllabus 2023-24 and chapter-wise marking distribution to prepare efficiently and focus more on important chapters:

Part	Units	No. of Periods	Marks
A	Fundamentals of Human Geography	90	35 Marks
	Unit 1: Human Geography	07	30
	Unit 2: People	20
	Unit 3: Human Activities	32
	Unit 4: Transport, Communication and Trade	26

	Map Work	05	5
B	India: People and Economy	90	35 Marks
	Unit 6: People	15	30
	Unit 7: Human Settlements	10
	Unit 8: Resources and Development	30
	Unit 9: Transport, Communication and International Trade	15
	Unit 10: Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems	15
	Map Work	05	5
	Total	180	70 Marks
C	Practical Work in Geography Part II	40	30 Marks
	Unit 1: Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping	25	15
	Unit 2: Spatial Information Technology	15	10
	Practical Record Book and Viva Voce		5