Maharashtra HSC Syllabus 2023: Download PDFs for Class 12th

1

Circular motion

Angular displacement, Angular velocity and angular acceleration, Relation between linear velocity and angular velocity, Uniform circular motion, Radial acceleration, Centripetal and centrifugal forces, Banking of roads, Vertical circular motion due to earth’s gravitation, Equation for velocity and energy at different positions of vertical circular motion. Kinematical equations for circular motion in analogy with linear motion.

2

Gravitation

Newton’s law of gravitation, Projection of a satellite, Periodic time, Statement of Kepler’s laws of motion, Binding energy and escape velocity of a satellite, Weightlessness condition in orbit, Variation of ‘g’ due to altitude, latitude, depth and motion, Communication satellite and its uses.

3

Rotational Motion

Definition of M.I., K.E. of the rotating body, Rolling motion, Physical significance of M.I., Radius of gyration, Torque, Principle of parallel and perpendicular axes, M.I. of some regular shaped bodies about specific axes, Angular momentum and its conservation.

4

Oscillations

Explanation of periodic motion, S.H.M., Differential equation of linear S.H.M. Projection of U.C.M. on any diameter, Phase of S.H.M., K.E. and P.E. in S.H.M., Composition of two S.H.M.’s having same period and along same line, Simple pendulum, Damped S.H.M.

5

Elasticity

General explanation of elastic property, Plasticity, Deformation, Definition of stress and strain, Hooke’s law, Poisson’s ratio, Elastic energy, Elastic constants and their relation, Determination of ‘Y’, Behaviour of metal wire under increasing load, Applications of elastic behaviour of materials.

6

Surface Tension

Surface tension on the basis of molecular theory, Surface energy, Surface tension, Angle of contact, Capillarity and capillary action, Effect of impurity and temperature on surface tension.

7

Wave Motion

Simple harmonic progressive waves, Reflection of transverse and longitudinal waves, Change of phase, Superposition of waves, Formation of beats, Doppler effect in sound.

8

Stationary waves

Study of vibrations in a finite medium, Formation of stationary waves on string, Study of vibrations of air columns, Free and Forced vibrations, Resonance.

9

Kinetic theory

Concept of an ideal gas, Assumptions of kinetic theory, Mean free path, Derivation for pressure of a gas, Degrees of freedom, Derivation of Boyle’s law, Thermodynamics- Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature, 1st law of thermodynamics, 2nd law of thermodynamics, Heat engines and refrigerators, Qualitative idea of black body radiation,Wein’s displacement law, Green house effect, Stefan’s law, Maxwell distribution, Law of equipartition of energy and application to Specific heat capacities of gases.

10

Wave theory

Wave theory of light, Huygens’ Principle, Construction of plane and spherical wave front, Wave front and wave normal, Reflection at plane surface, Refraction at plane surface, Polarisation, Polaroids, Plane polarised light, Brewster’s law, Doppler effect in light.

11

Interference and diffraction

Interference of light, Conditions for producing steady interference pattern, Young’s experiment, Analytical treatment of interference bands, Measurement of wavelength by biprism experiment, Diffraction due to single slit, Rayleigh’s criterion, Resolving power of a microscope and telescope, Difference between interference and diffraction.

12

Electrostatics

Gauss’ theorem proof and applications, Mechanical force on unit area of a charged conductor, Energy density of a medium, Dielectrics and electric polarisation, Concept of condenser, Capacity of parallel plate condenser, Effect of dielectric on capacity, Energy of charged condenser, Condensers in series and parallel, van-deGraaff generator.

13

Current electricity

Kirchhoff’s law, Wheatstone’s bridge, Meter bridge, Potentiometer.

14

Magnetic effects of electric current

Ampere’s law and its applications, Moving coil galvanometer, Ammeter, Voltmeter, Sensitivity of moving coil galvanometer, Cyclotron.

15

Magnetism

Circular current loop as a magnetic dipole, Magnetic dipole moment of revolving electron, Magnetisation and magnetic intensity, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, Ferromagnetism on the basis of domain theory, Curie temperature.

16

Electromagnetic inductions

Laws of electromagnetic induction, proof of, e = – dØ/dt Eddy currents, Self induction and mutual induction, Need for displacement current, Transformer, Coil rotating in uniform magnetic induction, Alternating currents, Reactance and impedance, LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only) Power in a.c circuit with resistance, inductance and capacitance, Resonant circuit, Wattless current, AC generator.

17

Electromagnetic inductions

Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations, Einstein’s equation, Particle nature of light.

18

Atoms, Molecules, and Nuclei

Alpha particle scattering experiment, Rutherford’s model of atom. Bohr’s model, Hydrogen spectrum, Composition and size of nucleus, Radioactivity, Decay law, massenergy relation, mass defect, B.E. per nucleon and its variation with mass number, Nuclear fission and fusion, de Broglie hypothesis, Matter waves – wave nature of particles, Wavelength of an electron, Davisson and Germer experiment, Continuous and characteristics X-rays.

19

Semiconductors

Energy bands in solids, Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, P-type and Ntype semiconductor, P-N junction diode, I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, Rectifiers, Zener diode as a voltage regulator, Photodiode, Solar cell, I-V characteristics of LED, Transistor action and its characteristics, Transistor as an amplifier (CE mode), Transistor as a switch, Oscillators and Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR).

20

Communication systems

Elements of communication system, the bandwidth of signals, the bandwidth of transmission medium, Need for modulation, Production and detection of amplitude modulated wave, space communication, Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere.

1

Solid State

Classification of solids, unit cell in 2 & 3-dimensional lattices, calculation of density, voids, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties, Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors, insulators and n-p type semiconductors.

2

Solutions and colligative properties

Types of solutions, concentration of solids in liquids, Raoult’s law elevation of boiling point, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, Van’t Hoff factor, etc

3

Chemical Thermodynamics and energetic

Work, heat, energy, First law of thermodynamics, Hess’ law of constant heat summation, extensive and intensive properties, enthalpy of bond dissociation, Second and third law of thermodynamics, etc

4

Electrochemistry

Kohlrausch’s Law, lead accumulator, dry cell –electrolytic and galvanic cells, EMF, fuel cells, Nernst equation

5

Chemical Kinetics

Activation energy, rate law and specific rate constant, Arrhenius equation, concept of collision theory, etc

6

General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

Principles and methods of extraction, reduction electrolytic method and refining

7

p-Block Elements

Group 15 elements, Group 16 elements, Classification of oxides, Group 17 elements, Group 18 elements, etc.

8

d and f Block Elements

Lanthanoids, Actinoids, first row transition metals, interstitial compounds, alloy formation

9

Coordination Compounds

IUPAC nomenclature, Werner’s theory, coordination number, magnetic properties, VBT, CFT. isomerism,

10

Halogen derivatives of alkanes (and arenas)

Haloalkanes, Haloarenes, stability of carbocations, d-l and R-S configurations.

11

Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

Nomenclature, physical and chemical properties, methods of preparation, etc

12

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Nomenclature, physical and chemical properties, methods of preparation, etc

13

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

Amines, Diazonium salts, Cyanides and isocyanides, etc

14

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Vitamins, Nucleic acids, etc

15

Polymers

Classification, methods of polymerization, copolymerization, polythene, bakelite, nylon, polyesters, and rubber, Biodegradable, non-biodegradable polymers.

16

Chemistry in Everyday life

 Chemicals in medicines, Chemicals in food, Cleansing agents

SECTION I - BOTANY

Unit 1- Genetics and Evolution

1

Genetic Basis of Inheritance 

2

Gene: its nature, expression, and regulation

Unit 2 - Biotechnology and its application

3

Biotechnology: Process and Application

Unit 3 - Biology and Human Welfare

4

Enhancement in Food Production

5

Microbes in Human Welfare

Unit 4 - Plant Physiology

6

Photosynthesis

7

Respiration

Unit 5 - Reproduction in Organisms

8

Reproduction in Plants

Unit 6 - Ecology and Environment

9

Organisms and Environment -I

SECTION II - Zoology

Unit 1 - Genetics and Evolution

10

Origin and the Evolution of Life

11

Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

Unit 2 - Biotechnology and its application

12

Genetic Engineering and Genomics

Unit 3 - Biology and Human Welfare

13

Human Health and Diseases

14

Animal Husbandry

Unit 4 - Human Physiology 

15

Circulation

16

Excretion and osmoregulation

17

Control and Co-ordination

Unit 5 - Reproduction in Organisms 

18

Human Reproduction

Unit 6 - Ecology and Environment 

19

Organisms and Environment-II