CBSE Class 12th Geography Syllabus 2023-24

Unit 1:

Human Geography: Nature and Scope

07 Periods

Unit 2:

People

• The World Population- distribution, density, and growth
• Population change - Components of population change, Demographic Transition
• Human development    -       concept;       selected indicators, international comparisons

20 Periods

Unit 3:

Human Activities

• Primary activities - concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agricultural and allied activities - some examples from selected countries
• Secondary activities- concept; manufacturing: types - household, small scale, large scale; agro-based and mineral based industries;
• Tertiary activities - concept; trade, transport, and tourism; services; people engaged in tertiary activities
• Quaternary activities- concept; people engaged in quaternary activities - case study from selected countries

32 Periods

Unit 4:

Transport, Communication and Trade

• Land transport - roads, railways; trans-continental railways Water transport- inland waterways; major ocean routes
• Air transport- Intercontinental air routes Oil and gas pipelines
• Satellite communication and cyberspace- importance and usage for geographical information; use of GPS
• International trade- bases and changing patterns; ports as gateways of international trade; role of WTO in international trade

26 Periods

Map Work on the identification of features based on 1-5 units on the outline Physical/Political map of the World.

05 Periods

Unit 6:

People

• Population: distribution, density, and growth; composition of the population - linguistic, religious; sex, rural-urban, and occupational-regional variations in the growth of population

15 Periods

Unit 7:

Human Settlements

• Rural settlements - types and distribution
• Urban settlements - types, distribution, and functional classification

10 Periods

Unit 8:

Resources and Development

• Land resources- general land use; agricultural land use; geographical conditions and distribution of major crops (Wheat, Rice, Tea, Coffee, Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane and Rubber); agricultural development and problems
• Water resources-availability and utilization- irrigation, domestic, industrial, and other uses; scarcity of water and conservation methods- rain water harvesting and watershed management
• Mineral and energy resources- distribution of metallic (Iron ore, Copper, Bauxite, Manganese); non-metallic (Mica, Salt) minerals; conventional (Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas, and Hydroelectricity) and non-conventional energy sources (solar, wind, biogas) and conservation
• Planning in India-  target group area planning (case study); idea of sustainable development (case study)

30 Periods

Unit 9:

Transport, Communication and International Trade

Transport and communication-roads, railways, waterways and airways: oil and gas pipelines; Geographical information and communication networks

International trade- changing pattern of India's foreign trade; sea ports and their hinterland and

airports

15 Periods

Unit 10:

Geographical    Perspective    on    selected issues and problems

• Environmental pollution: urban-waste disposal
• Urbanization, rural-urban migration; problems of slums
• Land degradation

15 Periods

Map work on locating and labeling of features based on the above units on an outline map of India.

05 Periods

Unit 1: 

Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping

• Type and Sources of data: Primary, Secondary, and other sources
• Tabulating and processing of data; calculation of averages, measures of central tendency
• Representation of data- construction of diagrams: bars, circles, and flowchart; thematic maps; construction of dot; choropleth and isopleths maps

25 Periods

Unit 2:

Spatial Information Technology

• Introduction to GIS; hardware requirements and software modules; data formats; raster and vector data, data input, editing, and topology building; data analysis; overlay and buffer.

15 Periods

A

Fundamentals of Human Geography

90

35 Marks

Unit 1: Human Geography

07

 30

Unit 2: People

20

Unit 3: Human Activities

32

Unit 4: Transport, Communication and Trade

26

Map Work

05

5

B

India: People and Economy

90

35 Marks

Unit 6: People

15

 30

Unit 7: Human Settlements

10

Unit 8: Resources and Development

30

Unit 9: Transport, Communication and International Trade

15

Unit 10: Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems

15

Map Work

05

5

Total

180

70 Marks

C

Practical Work in Geography Part II

40

30 Marks

Unit 1: Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping

25

15

Unit 2: Spatial Information Technology

15

10

Practical Record Book and Viva Voce

5