Bihar Board 12th Biology Syllabus 2023

Unit 1: Sexual Reproduction

• Pollination and fertilization in flowering plants.
• Development of seed and fruit
• Human Reproduction: Reproductive system in male and females, menstrual cycle, production of gametes. Fertilization, implantation, embryo development, pregnancy and parturition.
• Reproductive health-birth control, contraception and sexually transmitted diseases.

Unit 2: Genetics and evolution

• Mendelian Inheritance
• Chromosome theory of inheritance, Deviations from Mendelism ratio (Incomplete dominance, Codominance, Multiple alleles).
• Sex determination in human beings: XX, XY
• Linkage and crossing over
• Inheritance pattern of haemophilia and blood groups in human beings.
• DNA, replication, transcription, translation
• Gene expression and regulation
• Genome and Human Genome Project
• DNA Fingerprinting
• Evolution: Theories and evidences

Unit 3: Biology & human welfare

• Animal Husbandry
• Basic concepts of immunology, vaccines
• Pathogens, parasites
• Plant bleeding, tissue culture, food production
• Microbes in household food processing, industrial production, Sewage treatment and energy generation
• Cancer and AIDS
• Adolescence and drug alcohol abuse

Unit 4: Biotechnology and its applications

• Recombinant DNA technology
• Applications in Health, Agriculture and Industry
• Genetically modified (GM) organisms, Biosafety issues
• Insulin and Bt.cotton

Unit 5: Ecology and environment

• Organisms and Populations
• Ecosystem
• Biodiversity and its Conservation
• Environmental Issues