CBSE 12th Biology Practical Syllabus 2025-26 - Download PDF

The CBSE class 12 practical syllabus for Biology contains details regarding the list of 5 experiments and 11 topics for spotting on which students must prepare practical records and appear for viva voce, other than vital information regarding the practical exam guidelines. The syllabus also includes Items for identification/ familiarity with the apparatus for assessment in practicals (All experiments) and a list of practicals that students need to carry out in the practical exam.

The CBSE class 12 exam 2026 for Biology practicals is worth 30 marks out of 100, divided into carrying out experiments for 5 marks, a written test (Based on given/prescribed practicals) for 10 marks, presenting practical records for 5 marks and a viva for 10 marks. Students must review the CBSE 12th Biology practical syllabus 2025-26 and prepare for the board exam accordingly.

CBSE 12th Biology Practical Syllabus 2025-26 PDF

As per the CBSE board's recommendation, there must be 60 periods for practicals, which will aid the students in enhancing their learning of various concepts. For more information, candidates can check the table below to download the CBSE class 12 syllabus 2025-26 for the Biology practical exam, provided by the board.

The CBSE class 12 Biology Practical Syllabus 2025-26 consists of three parts: Section A, Section B, and Section C, respectively. These sections include observation, major and minor experiments, slide preparation, viva voce, project, and more.  

CBSE Class 12 Biology Practical Syllabus 2025-26

The syllabus of Biology class 12 CBSE 2025-26 for practical exams involves a combination of experiments, slide preparation, and laboratory observation. Students must understand the theoretical concepts before performing the practical experiments to comprehend the fundamental principles effectively.

Candidates can review the CBSE 12th Biology practical syllabus 2025-26 stated below.

Section A: List of Experiments

In this section, candidates must perform a set of experiments for five marks. The following experiments shall be conducted by students in CBSE Class 12 Biology Practical exams:

• Prepare a temporary mounting to observe pollen germination.
• Examine the plant population density using the quadrat method.
• Examine the plant population frequency using the quadrat method.
• Formulate a temporary mount of the onion root tip to learn mitosis.
• Separate DNA from plant material like spinach, papaya gre, and pea seeds.

Major Experiments (5 marks)

The following is the list of major experiments in CBSE 12th Biology practical 2025-26:

• Study plant population density or frequency by the quadrat method.​
• Isolate DNA from plant material (e.g., spinach, peas, papaya).

Minor Experiments (4 marks)

The following is the list of minor experiments in CBSE 12th Biology practical 2025-26:

• Prepare a temporary mount for pollen germination.​
• Study controlled pollination (emasculation, tagging, bagging).​

Slide Preparation (5 marks)

The details regarding the slide preparation for 5 marks in CBSE 12th Biology practical 2025-26 are as follows:

• Onion root tip for mitosis.
• Pollen germination on the stigma.​

Section B: Spotting (Study and Observe)

In this stage, students observe and analyse the happenings of any experiment or observation and document it during the process. Candidates will be required to observe and analyse the following activities.

• Flowers adapted to pollination by different agents (wind, insects, birds).
• Pollen germination on the stigma through a permanent slide or SEM.
• Identification of phases of gamete development (T.S. of testis and ovary).
• Meiosis in onion bud cells or grasshopper testis through permanent slides.
• T.S. of blastula through permanent slides (Mammalian).
• Mendelian inheritance uses seeds of different colours/sizes of any plant.
• Prepared pedigree charts of genetic traits (e.g., rolling of tongue, blood groups).
• Controlled pollination - emasculation, tagging, and bagging.
• Study of common disease-causing organisms like Entamoeba, Plasmodium, Ascaris, and any fungus-causing ringworm through permanent slides, models, or virtual images.
• Models depicting symbolic association in root modules of leguminous plants, Cuscuta on the host, and lichens.
• Flashcard models display examples of homologous and analogous organs.

Section C: Practicals

In this section, candidates must do practical experiments in real time and record experiment results on paper. The practicals included in the CBSE 12th Biology practical syllabus 2025 are given below:

• Analysis of flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects).
• Identification of T.S. of morula or blastula of frog (model).
• Examine mammalian inheritance patterns using beads/seeds of different sizes/textures.
• Preparation of pedigree charts of genetic traits such as rolling of tongue colour blindness.
• Analysis of emasculation, tagging, and bagging by trying out an exercise on controlled pollination.
• Recognise common disease-causing organisms like Ascaris (model) and learn some common symptoms of the disease that they cause.
• Remark upon the morphological adaptations of plants found in xerophytic conditions.

Also Read: CBSE Class 12 Biology Deleted Syllabus 2025-26

Chapter-Wise CBSE 12th Biology Practical Syllabus 2025-26

CBSE class 12 practical exam will be based on various chapters and topics from different units such as Reproduction, Genetics & Evolution, Biology & Human Welfare, Biotechnology & its Applications, Ecology & Environment, etc. Students can review the syllabus for the Biology practical exam in-depth while going through CBSE class 12 preparations. 

The weightage of chapters in Biology class 12 CBSE 2025-26 for practicals is as follows.  

CBSE 12th Biology Investigatory Project Ideas 2026

In the CBSE class 12 Biology practical exam, the investigatory projects will contribute 5 marks. Students need to prepare projects based on genetics, ecology, biotechnology, and health. The following are the major topics for CBSE class 12 Biology investigatory projects.

Genetics Projects

• Study Mendelian inheritance patterns using pea plants or family pedigrees to observe trait ratios.​
• Analyze ABO blood group distribution and inheritance in a local population sample.​
• Investigate mutations in Drosophila (fruit flies) by exposing them to environmental factors.

Ecology Projects

• Assess the impact of deforestation on local biodiversity through species surveys.​
• Compare plant growth in soil vs. soilless media like hydroponics or aeroponics.​
• Examine symbiotic relationships, such as lichens or root nodules, in nearby ecosystems.​

Biotechnology Projects

• Extract and isolate DNA from accessible plant sources like peas or spinach.
• Study pollen germination and controlled pollination (emasculation, bagging) in flowers.​
• Explore single-cell protein production using microbes or yeast fermentation.

Health Projects

• Document medicinal plants, their extracts, and traditional uses against common ailments.​
• Investigate the effects of pollutants or antibiotics on microorganisms via zone inhibition.​

CBSE Class 12 Biology Practical Marking Scheme 2026

Students can find the evaluation scheme for the CBSE 12th Biology practical syllabus 2025-26 mentioned below. Students should review the CBSE class 12 exam pattern 2025-26 for the Biology practicals and check the marking allocation divided into different components, such as Identification/Familiarity with the apparatus, Written test (Based on given/prescribed practicals), Practical Records, Viva, etc.

The CBSE Class 12 Biology practical exam 2026 will contain experiments, spotting tasks, and evaluation for 30 marks. The exam will mainly focus on hands-on skills such as microscopy, population studies, and genetic analysis.

The table below contains the marks for each component in the practical exam.

Prescribed Books for CBSE 12th Biology Practical Syllabus 2025-26

Candidates can review the CBSE 12th books and check the detailed content and sample exercises for the Biology practical exam. Students can find the best books for the CBSE 12th Biology Practical exam mentioned below.

• Biology, Class-XII, Published by NCERT
• Other related books and manuals brought out by NCERT (consider multimedia also)
• Biology Supplementary Material (Revised). Available on the CBSE website.
• CBSE Class 12 Biology Practical Book- Lab Manual

Also Read: NCERT Books for Class 12 Biology

CBSE 12th Biology Practical Exam Day Instructions

Students must follow the specific guidelines on the practical exam day set by the CBSE board. Candidates can check the exam day instructions stated below.

• The CBSE Class 12 Biology Practical exam will be held for two hours, and students must wear an apron.
• Candidates will be allotted 30 minutes for the written test and must finish their writing within the time frame.
• The practical question paper will have 15 practical, concise answer questions, and candidates must answer at least 10 questions.
• Candidates must prepare a practical file consisting of at least five experiments.
• Questions will be based on fundamental theory, principle, concept, apparatus, materials, chemicals required, procedures, precautions, and sources of error.