Gujarat Board Syllabus 2023

• Euclid's Division Lemma
• Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic - statements after reviewing work done earlier and after illustrating and motivating through examples,
• Proofs of results and decimal expansions of rational numbers in terms of terminating and non-terminating recurring decimals.

1. Polynomials

• Zero of Polynomial
• The relationship between zeros and their coefficients of quadratic polynomials.
• Statement and simple problems on the division algorithm for polynomials with real coefficients.

2. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

• Pair linear equations in two variables and their graphical solution. Also, the Geometric Representation of different possibilities of solutions/inconsistency.
• Algebraic conditions for the number of solutions.
• The solution of the pair of linear equations in two variables algebraically - by substitution, by elimination, and by cross multiplication.
• Simple situational problems must be included.
• Simple problems on equations reducible to linear equations may be included.

3. Quadratic Equations

• The standard form of a quadratic equation ax2 + Bx + c = 0, (a ≠ 0).
• The solution of the quadratic equations (only real roots) is by factorization, by completing the square, and by using the quadratic formula.
• The relationship between discrimination and the nature of roots. Problems related to day-to-day activities to be practiced.

1. Introduction to Trigonometry 

• Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle.
• Proof of their existence (well defined); motivate the ratios, whichever are defined at 0o & 90o.
• Values (with proofs) of the trigonometric ratios of 30o, 45o & 60o. Relationships between the ratios.

2. Trigonometric Identities

Proof and applications of the identity sin2 A + cos2A = 1. Only simple identities will be given. Trigonometric ratios of complementary angles.

3. Heights and Distances

• Simple and believable problems on heights and distances.
• Problems should not involve more than two right triangles.
• Angles of elevation and depression should be only 300, 450, and 600.

Lines (In two dimensions)

• Review the concepts of coordinate geometry done earlier, including graphs of linear equations.
• Awareness of the geometrical representation of quadratic polynomials.
• The distance between two points and section formula.
• Area of a triangle. Basic questions will be given.

1. Triangles

Prove,

• If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
• If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel to the third side.
• If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding sides are proportional, and the triangles are similar.
• If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their corresponding angles are equal, and the two triangles are similar.
• If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar. If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle of a right triangle to the hypotenuse, the triangles on each side of the perpendicular are similar to the whole triangle and to each other.
• The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares on their corresponding sides.
• In a right triangle, the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides.
• In a triangle, if the square on one side is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides, the angles opposite to the first side are a right triangle.

2. Circles

• The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.
• The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

3. Constructions

• Division of a line segment in a given ratio (internally)
• Tangent to a circle from a point outside it.
• Construction of a triangle similar to a given triangle.

1. Areas related to Circles

• Motivate the area of a circle, the area of sectors, and the segments of a circle.
• Problems based on areas and perimeter and circumference of the above-said plane figures. (In calculating the area of a segment of a circle, problems should be restricted to the central angle of 60o, 90o & 120o only.
• Plane figures involving triangles, simple quadrilaterals, and circles should be taken.

2. SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES

• Problems with finding surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: cubes, cuboids, spheres, hemispheres, and right circular cylinders/cones. Frustum of a cone.
• Problems involving converting one type of metallic solid into another and other mixed problems. (Problems with the combination of not more than two different solids be taken.)

1. Statistics

a) Mean, median, and mode of grouped data (a bimodal situation to be avoided). Cumulative frequency graph.

2. Probability

b) A classical definition of probability. Connection with probability as given in Class IX. Simple problems on single events, not using set notation.

a) Acids, bases, and salts: Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH— ions, General properties, examples and uses, the concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not required), the importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of sodium hydroxide, Bleaching powder, Baking soda, washing soda and Plaster of Paris.

b) Chemical reactions: Chemical Equation, Balanced chemical equation, Implications of a balanced Chemical equation, Types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, neutralization, oxidation, and reduction.

c) Metals and non-metals: Properties of Metals and Non-metals, reactivity series, Formation and properties of ionic compounds, Basic Metallurgical processes, corrosion, and its prevention.

d) Carbon Compounds: Covalent bonding in carbon compounds. Versatile nature of carbon, Homologous series Nomenclature of carbon compounds containing, Functional groups (halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes, alkanes, and alkynes), the difference between saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons, Chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition, and substitution reaction). Ethanol and Ethanoic acid (only properties and uses), soaps, and detergents.

e) Periodic classification of elements: Need for classification, Modern Periodic table, Gradation in Properties.
Valency, Atomic number, metallic and non-metallic properties.

a) Life Processes: "Living Being"; the Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport, and excretion in plants and animals. Control and Coordination in animals and plants: Tropic movements in plants; Introduction to plant hormones; control and coordination in animals: the nervous system; voluntary, involuntary, and reflex action, chemical coordination: animal hormones.

b) Reproduction: Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual). Reproductive health-need for and methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Childbearing and women's health.

c) Heredity and evolution: Heredity; Model's contribution- Rules for the inheritance of traits; Sex determination: brief introduction; Basic concepts of evolution.

a) Electric current, potential difference, and electric current. Ohm's law; Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. The series combination of resistors, a parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life; Heating effect of Electric current and its applications in daily life.

b) Electric Power, Interrelation between P, V, I, and R: Magnetic effects of current, Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current-carrying conductor, field due to current-carrying coil or solenoid; Force on a current-carrying conductor, Fleming's left-hand rule.

c) Electromagnetic induction: The induced potential difference, Induced current, Fleming's Right-Hand Rule, and Direct current. Alternating current; frequency of AC. An advantage of AC over DC. Domestic electric circuits.

a) Reflection of light at curved surfaces, Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of curvature, principal axis, principal
focus, focal length. Mirror Formula (Derivation not required), Magnification.

b) Refraction; laws of refraction, refractive index.Refraction of light by a spherical lens, Image formed by spherical lenses, Lens formula (Derivation not required), Magnification. Power of a lens;

c) The functioning of a lens in the human eye, defects of vision and their corrections, and applications of spherical mirrors and lenses. Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in daily life.

a) Management of natural resources: Conservation and judicious use of natural resources. Forest and wildlife, coal and petroleum conservation. Examples of People's participation in the conservation of natural resources.The Regional environment: Big dams: advantages and limitations; alternatives, if any. Water harvesting. Sustainability of natural resources.

b) Sources of energy: Different forms of energy, conventional and non-conventional sources of energy: fossil fuels, solar energy; biogas; wind, water, and tidal energy; nuclear. Renewable versus non-renewable sources.

c) Our Environment: Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste production, and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.

• Physics
• Chemistry
• Mathematics
• Biology
• Computer Science
• English

• History
• Geography
• Political Science
• Sociology
• English
• Psychology

• Business Studies
• Accountancy
• Economics
• English
• Mathematics