CBSE Class 12th Geography Syllabus 2023-24

CBSE board has declared the syllabus for Class 12 Geography for the academic year 2023-24, including both theoretical concepts and practical coursework for the subject.

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CBSE class 12 Geography syllabus 2023-24 has been released by CBSE. It constitutes the detailed course structure for theory as well as practical exams of Geography. The CBSE class 12 Geography syllabus can be downloaded from the official website of CBSE. The theory for Geography syllabus includes Part A: Fundamentals of Human Geography and Part B: India- People and Economy. Further, the third part (Part C) of the syllabus involves the practical component.

At the Senior Secondary level of CBSE, Geography is introduced as an elective subject. Therefore, students planning to major in Geography must have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the field to pursue their academic interests. Find below the detailed syllabus to prepare for the CBSE class 12th exam for the Geography subject.

CBSE Class 12th Geography Syllabus 2023-24 Course Content

Geographical knowledge is helpful in daily life since it is an effective teaching tool for students. Its usefulness comes from the knowledge, thought processes, abilities, and values that Geography promotes, which aids students in better exploring, understanding, and evaluating the environmental and social aspects of the world. Candidates can refer to the course content of the CBSE class 12th Geography syllabus 2023-24.

Part A: Fundamentals of Human Geography

Part A: Fundamentals of Human Geography
Units	Topics	Marks Division
Unit 1:	Human Geography: Nature and Scope	07 Periods
Unit 2:	People The World Population- distribution, density, and growth Population change - Components of population change, Demographic Transition Human development - concept; selected indicators, international comparisons	20 Periods
Unit 3:	Human Activities Primary activities - concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agricultural and allied activities - some examples from selected countries Secondary activities- concept; manufacturing: types - household, small scale, large scale; agro-based and mineral based industries; Tertiary activities - concept; trade, transport, and tourism; services; people engaged in tertiary activities Quaternary activities- concept; people engaged in quaternary activities - case study from selected countries	32 Periods
Unit 4:	Transport, Communication and Trade Land transport - roads, railways; trans-continental railways Water transport- inland waterways; major ocean routes Air transport- Intercontinental air routes Oil and gas pipelines Satellite communication and cyberspace- importance and usage for geographical information; use of GPS International trade- bases and changing patterns; ports as gateways of international trade; role of WTO in international trade	26 Periods
Map Work on the identification of features based on 1-5 units on the outline Physical/Political map of the World.		05 Periods

Also Read: CBSE Class 12 Passing Marks

Part B: India: People and Economy

Part B: India: People and Economy
Units	Topics	Marks Division
Unit 6:	People Population: distribution, density, and growth; composition of the population - linguistic, religious; sex, rural-urban, and occupational-regional variations in the growth of population	15 Periods
Unit 7:	Human Settlements Rural settlements - types and distribution Urban settlements - types, distribution, and functional classification	10 Periods
Unit 8:	Resources and Development Land resources- general land use; agricultural land use; geographical conditions and distribution of major crops (Wheat, Rice, Tea, Coffee, Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane and Rubber); agricultural development and problems Water resources-availability and utilization- irrigation, domestic, industrial, and other uses; scarcity of water and conservation methods- rain water harvesting and watershed management Mineral and energy resources- distribution of metallic (Iron ore, Copper, Bauxite, Manganese); non-metallic (Mica, Salt) minerals; conventional (Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas, and Hydroelectricity) and non-conventional energy sources (solar, wind, biogas) and conservation Planning in India- target group area planning (case study); idea of sustainable development (case study)	30 Periods
Unit 9:	Transport, Communication and International Trade Transport and communication-roads, railways, waterways and airways: oil and gas pipelines; Geographical information and communication networks International trade- changing pattern of India's foreign trade; sea ports and their hinterland and airports	15 Periods
Unit 10:	Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems Environmental pollution: urban-waste disposal Urbanization, rural-urban migration; problems of slums Land degradation	15 Periods
Map work on locating and labeling of features based on the above units on an outline map of India.		05 Periods

Part C: Practical Work in Geography Part II

Part C: Practical Work in Geography Part II
Units	Topics	Marks Division
Unit 1:	Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping Type and Sources of data: Primary, Secondary, and other sources Tabulating and processing of data; calculation of averages, measures of central tendency Representation of data- construction of diagrams: bars, circles, and flowchart; thematic maps; construction of dot; choropleth and isopleths maps	25 Periods
Unit 2:	Spatial Information Technology Introduction to GIS; hardware requirements and software modules; data formats; raster and vector data, data input, editing, and topology building; data analysis; overlay and buffer.	15 Periods

Also Read: CBSE Practice Paper Class 12

CBSE Class 12th Geography Syllabus 2023-24 Marking Distribution

Students can go through the CBSE class 12th Geography syllabus 2023-24 and chapter-wise marking distribution to prepare efficiently and focus more on important chapters:

CBSE Class 12th Geography Syllabus 2023-24 Marking Distribution
Part	Units	No. of Periods	Marks
A	Fundamentals of Human Geography	90	35 Marks
	Unit 1: Human Geography	07	30
	Unit 2: People	20
	Unit 3: Human Activities	32
	Unit 4: Transport, Communication and Trade	26

	Map Work	05	5
B	India: People and Economy	90	35 Marks
	Unit 6: People	15	30
	Unit 7: Human Settlements	10
	Unit 8: Resources and Development	30
	Unit 9: Transport, Communication and International Trade	15
	Unit 10: Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems	15
	Map Work	05	5
	Total	180	70 Marks
C	Practical Work in Geography Part II	40	30 Marks
	Unit 1: Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping	25	15
	Unit 2: Spatial Information Technology	15	10
	Practical Record Book and Viva Voce		5